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logo main
  • Testing
    • How to submit

      Please click on the button below to get all the necessary information for your testing inquiries.

      How to submit
    • Quick links
      • Pricing
      • Digital order form
      • Download order form (pdf)
      • Small diamond order form (pdf)
      • On-site testing
    • Reports
      • Verify a SSEF report
      • Understanding a SSEF report
      • SSEF Premium reports
      • GemTrack™
      • Age Dating
      • DNA Fingerprinting
    • More info
      • Coloured Gemstones
      • Diamonds
      • Pearls
      • Small Diamonds
      • Jewellery
  • Education
    • Gemmological courses

      Please click on the button below to discover SSEF’s gemmological course options, calendar and prices.

      Discover our courses
    • Course options
      • Basic Gemmology
      • Basic Diamonds
      • ATC Coloured Gemstones
      • ATC Gems & Jewellery
      • Advanced Pearls
      • Advanced Small Diamonds
      • Scientific Gemmology Course
    • More courses with us
      • Understanding Gemstones – Free Online Courses by SSEF
      • Tailored Courses
      • Gem-A Courses & Exams
  • Research library
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2020

DNA fingerprinting: an effective tool for taxonomic identification of precious corals in jewelry

DNA fingerprinting: an effective tool for taxonomic identification of precious corals in jewelry. Published in Scientific Reports, 10(1), 1-12.

Authors

  • A. Kratzer
  • B. Lendvay
  • J.B. Meyer
  • L.E. Cartier
  • M. Gysi
  • M.S. Krzemnicki
  • N.V. Morf
Research Articles
DNAOrganicsTraceability
2020

U–Pb Dating of Zircon and Zirconolite Inclusions in Marble-Hosted Gem-Quality Ruby and Spinel from Mogok, Myanmar

U–Pb Dating of Zircon and Zirconolite Inclusions in Marble-Hosted Gem-Quality Ruby and Spinel from Mogok, Myanmar. Published in Minerals, 2020, 10, 195. Link to article

Authors

  • A. Berger
  • H.A.O. Wang
  • L. Franz
  • M. Guillong
  • M.M. Phyo
  • M.S. Krzemnicki
  • W.A. Balmer
Research Articles
Age DatingGemmologyGeochemistryOriginsRubySpinel
2020

Colour varieties of gems: where to set the boundary

Colour varieties of gems: where to set the boundary? Published in InColor, 2020 Winter, 45, 92-95.

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Authors

  • L.E. Cartier
  • M.S. Krzemnicki
  • P. Lefevre
  • W. Zhou
Research Articles
Gemmology
2019

Gemstones of the Garnet Group – about mixed crystals and solid solution

Gemstones of the Garnet Group – about mixed crystals and solid solution. Published in Journal of the Gemmological Association of Hong Kong GAHK, 2019, Volume XL, 36-49.

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Authors

  • H.A. Haenni
Research Articles
GeochemistryOther Gemstones
2019

Grossular from Tanzania with Uncommon Inclusions

Grossular from Tanzania with Uncommon Inclusions. Published in Journal of Gemmology, 36(6), 500-501.

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Authors

  • S. Haensel
Research Articles
GemmologyOther Gemstones
2019

A brief review of traceability and blockchain for gemstones

A brief review of traceability and blockchain for gemstones. Published in GemGuide, September/October 2019, 2-4.

Authors

  • L.E. Cartier
Research Articles
Traceability
2019

The Talisman of Charlemagne: New Historical and Gemological Discoveries

The Talisman of Charlemagne: New Historical and Gemological Discoveries. Published in Gems & Gemology, 2019, 55(1), 30-46.

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Authors

  • D. Carole
  • F. Faure
  • G. Panczer
  • G. Riondet
  • L. Forest
  • M.S. Krzemnicki
Research Articles
OriginsSapphire
2019

Gemmological Analysis of a Roman Sapphire Intaglio and Its Possible Origin

Gemmological Analysis of a Roman Sapphire Intaglio and Its Possible Origin. Published in Journal of Gemmology, 2019, 36(8), 710-724.

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Authors

  • E. Butini
  • E. De Carolis
  • F. Butini
  • M.S. Krzemnicki
Research Articles
GemmologyOriginsSapphire
2019

Sapphires Heated with Pressure – A Research Update

Sapphires Heated with Pressure – A Research Update. Published in InColor, Spring 2019, 86-90.

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Authors

  • C. Dunaigre
  • C.C. Milisenda
  • D. Schwarz
  • E. Gambini
  • G. Choudhary
  • L. Kiefert
  • L.E. Cartier
  • M.S. Krzemnicki
  • R.W. Hughes
  • S. Kim
  • S. McLure
  • T. Leelawatanasuk
  • Y. Horikawa
Research Articles
SapphireTreatments
2019

Gemstones and sustainable development: Perspectives and trends in mining, processing and trade of precious stones

Gemstones and sustainable development: Perspectives and trends in mining, processing and trade of precious stones. Published in Extractive Industries and Society, 2019, Volume 6, Issue 4, Pages 1013-1016. Link to article

Authors

  • L.E. Cartier
Research Articles
Traceability

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