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  • Testing
    • How to submit

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    • More info
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      • Small Diamonds
      • Jewellery
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  • Education
    • Gemmological courses

      Please click on the button below to discover SSEF’s gemmological course options, calendar and prices.

      Discover our courses
    • Course options
      • Basic Gemmology
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      • Advanced Coloured Gemstones
      • Advanced Jewellery
      • Advanced Pearls
      • Advanced Small Diamonds
      • Scientific Gemmology Course
      • Scientific Diamonds Course
    • Further options
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2020

DNA fingerprinting: an effective tool for taxonomic identification of precious corals in jewelry

DNA fingerprinting: an effective tool for taxonomic identification of precious corals in jewelry. Published in Scientific Reports, 10(1), 1-12.

Authors

  • A. Kratzer
  • B. Lendvay
  • J.B. Meyer
  • L.E. Cartier
  • M. Gysi
  • M.S. Krzemnicki
  • N.V. Morf
Research Articles
DNAOrganicsTraceability
2020

Colour varieties of gems: where to set the boundary

Colour varieties of gems: where to set the boundary? Published in InColor, 2020 Winter, 45, 92-95.

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Authors

  • L.E. Cartier
  • M.S. Krzemnicki
  • P. Lefevre
  • W. Zhou
Research Articles
Gemmology
2019

A brief review of traceability and blockchain for gemstones

A brief review of traceability and blockchain for gemstones. Published in GemGuide, September/October 2019, 2-4.

Authors

  • L.E. Cartier
Research Articles
Traceability
2019

Sapphires Heated with Pressure – A Research Update

Sapphires Heated with Pressure – A Research Update. Published in InColor, Spring 2019, 86-90.

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Authors

  • C. Dunaigre
  • C.C. Milisenda
  • D. Schwarz
  • E. Gambini
  • G. Choudhary
  • L. Kiefert
  • L.E. Cartier
  • M.S. Krzemnicki
  • R.W. Hughes
  • S. Kim
  • S. McLure
  • T. Leelawatanasuk
  • Y. Horikawa
Research Articles
SapphireTreatments
2019

Gemstones and sustainable development: Perspectives and trends in mining, processing and trade of precious stones

Gemstones and sustainable development: Perspectives and trends in mining, processing and trade of precious stones. Published in Extractive Industries and Society, 2019, Volume 6, Issue 4, Pages 1013-1016. Link to article

Authors

  • L.E. Cartier
Research Articles
Traceability
2019

Laser inscription and marking of gemstones: an overview of options

Laser inscription and marking of gemstones: an overview of options. Published in Incolor, 2019, 43, 66-69.

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Authors

  • A. Rimmer
  • D. Myles
  • H.A.O. Wang
  • J.-P. Chalain
  • L. Fish
  • L.E. Cartier
  • M.S. Krzemnicki
Research Articles
Traceability
2019

Can blockchain and traceability provide more sustainable outcomes for diamond and gemstone supply chains

Can blockchain and traceability provide more sustainable outcomes for diamond and gemstone supply chains? Published on Nature Blog, 2019

Authors

  • L.E. Cartier
  • S.H. Ali
Research Articles
Traceability
2019

DNA fingerprinting of precious corals and pearls

Presentation by Dr. Laurent E. Cartier at the International Gemmological Conference (IGC) in Nantes (France) in August 2019.

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Authors

  • L.E. Cartier
Research Articles
DNAOrganicsPearl
2019

Traceability & Blockchain for Gemstones – an Overview

Traceability & Blockchain for Gemstones – an Overview. Published in Journal of the Gemmological Association of Hong Kong GAHK, 2019, Volume XL, 22-25.

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Authors

  • L.E. Cartier
  • M.S. Krzemnicki
Research Articles
Traceability
2018

Padparadscha-like Fancy sapphires with Unstable Colours Colouration Mechanisms and Disclosure

Padparadscha-like Fancy sapphires with Unstable Colours: Colouration Mechanisms and Disclosure. Published in InColor, 2019, No. 41, 92-94.

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Authors

  • L.E. Cartier
  • M.S. Krzemnicki
Research Articles
GemmologySapphire

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