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logo main
  • Testing
    • How to submit

      Please click on the button below to get all the necessary information for your testing inquiries.

      How to submit
    • Quick links
      • Pricing
      • Digital order form
      • Download order form (pdf)
      • Small diamond order form (pdf)
      • On-site testing
    • Reports
      • Verify a SSEF report
      • Understanding a SSEF report
      • SSEF Premium reports
      • GemTrack™
      • Age Dating
      • DNA Fingerprinting
    • More info
      • Coloured Gemstones
      • Diamonds
      • Pearls
      • Small Diamonds
      • Jewellery
  • Education
    • Gemmological courses

      Please click on the button below to discover SSEF’s gemmological course options, calendar and prices.

      Discover our courses
    • Course options
      • Basic Gemmology
      • Basic Diamonds
      • ATC Coloured Gemstones
      • ATC Gems & Jewellery
      • Advanced Pearls
      • Advanced Small Diamonds
      • Scientific Gemmology Course
    • More courses with us
      • Understanding Gemstones – Free Online Courses by SSEF
      • Tailored Courses
      • Gem-A Courses & Exams
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2018

Origin determination and traceability: An overview for gemstones

Origin determination and traceability: An overview for gemstones. Presentation at GemGenève 2019 by Dr. Michael S. Krzemnicki.

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Authors

  • M.S. Krzemnicki
Research Articles
GeochemistryOriginsTraceability
2018

Blockchain, Chain of Custody and Trace Elements: An Overview of Tracking and Traceability Opportunities in the Gem Industry

Blockchain, Chain of Custody and Trace Elements: An Overview of Tracking and Traceability Opportunities in the Gem Industry. Published in Journal of Gemmology, 36, 3, 212-227.

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Authors

  • L.E. Cartier
  • M.S. Krzemnicki
  • S.H. Ali
Research Articles
Traceability
2017

Traceability of gemstones: challenges and opportunities

Traceability of gemstones: challenges and opportunities. Published in IGC 2017 Namibia Abstract Proceedings, 140-141. Author(s): L.E. Cartier, M.S. Krzemnicki, H.A.O. Wang, H.A. Haenni

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Authors

  • H.A. Haenni
  • H.A.O. Wang
  • L.E. Cartier
  • M.S. Krzemnicki
Research Articles
Traceability
2017

Pearl farmers hit by water pollution clean up

Pearl farmers hit by water pollution clean up. Published by China Dialogue, 16th November 2017 Author(s): L.E. Cartier, J. Tu

Authors

  • J. Tu
  • L.E. Cartier
Research Articles
PearlTraceability
2017

Preserving the heritage of gemstone regions and resources worldwide: Future directions.

Preserving the heritage of gemstone regions and resources worldwide:Future directions. Published in Episodes, 2017, 40, 3, 233-236. Author(s): L.E. Cartier

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Authors

  • L.E. Cartier
Research Articles
GemmologyTraceability
2016

The Sustainable Luxury Contradiction Evidence from a Consumer Study of Marine-cultured Pearl Jewellery

The Sustainable Luxury  Contradiction Evidence from a Consumer Study of Marine-cultured Pearl Jewellery. Published in Journal of Corporate Citizenship, 2016, 63, 73-95. Author(s): J. Nash, C. Ginger, L.E. Cartier

Authors

  • C. Ginger
  • J. Nash
  • L.E. Cartier
Research Articles
PearlTraceability
2016

The Legendary Gem Mines of Mogok Myanmar (Burma): Is Responsible Sourcing Possible Beyond Sanctions?

The Legendary Gem Mines of Mogok Myanmar  (Burma): Is Responsible Sourcing Possible Beyond Sanctions?  Published on National Geographic Blog, 2016. Author(s): L.E. Cartier

Authors

  • L.E. Cartier
Research Articles
OriginsTraceability
2015

Species identification and treatment detection in dark coloured pearls

Species identification and treatment detection in dark coloured pearls. Published in 2015 Swiss Geoscience Meeting Abstract Proceedings, 134-135. Author(s): W. Zhou, T. Dzikowski

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Authors

  • T. Dzikowski
  • W. Zhou
Research Articles
PearlTraceabilityTreatments
2013

Tracing cultured pearls from farm to consumer: A review of potential methods and solutions

Tracing cultured pearls from farm to consumer: A review of potential methods and solutions. Published in Journal of Gemmology, 2013, 33, 7-8, 239-246. Author(s) :H.A. HaenniL.E. Cartier

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Authors

  • H.A. Haenni
  • L.E. Cartier
Research Articles
PearlTraceability
1993

Why epoxy-filled emeralds must be accepted

Why epoxy-filled emeralds must be accepted. Published in 1993. Author(s): H.A. Haenni

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Authors

  • H.A. Haenni
Research Articles
EmeraldTraceabilityTreatments

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