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logo main
  • Testing
    • How to submit

      Please click on the button below to get all the necessary information for your testing inquiries.

      How to submit
    • Quick links
      • Pricing
      • Digital order form
      • Download order form (pdf)
      • Small diamond order form (pdf)
      • On-site testing
    • Reports
      • Verify a SSEF report
      • Understanding a SSEF report
      • SSEF Premium reports
      • GemTrack™
      • Age Dating
      • DNA Fingerprinting
    • More info
      • Coloured Gemstones
      • Diamonds
      • Pearls
      • Small Diamonds
      • Jewellery
  • Education
    • Gemmological courses

      Please click on the button below to discover SSEF’s gemmological course options, calendar and prices.

      Discover our courses
    • Course options
      • Basic Gemmology
      • Basic Diamonds
      • ATC Coloured Gemstones
      • ATC Gems & Jewellery
      • Advanced Pearls
      • Advanced Small Diamonds
      • Scientific Gemmology Course
    • More courses with us
      • Understanding Gemstones – Free Online Courses by SSEF
      • Tailored Courses
      • Gem-A Courses & Exams
  • Research library
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2020

U–Pb Dating of Zircon and Zirconolite Inclusions in Marble-Hosted Gem-Quality Ruby and Spinel from Mogok, Myanmar

U–Pb Dating of Zircon and Zirconolite Inclusions in Marble-Hosted Gem-Quality Ruby and Spinel from Mogok, Myanmar. Published in Minerals, 2020, 10, 195. Link to article

Authors

  • A. Berger
  • H.A.O. Wang
  • L. Franz
  • M. Guillong
  • M.M. Phyo
  • M.S. Krzemnicki
  • W.A. Balmer
Research Articles
Age DatingGemmologyGeochemistryOriginsRubySpinel
2020

Field Trip to Paraiba Tourmaline Mines in Brazil

In October 2017, a team of gemmologists from the SSEF had the privilege to visit some Paraiba tourmaline mines in Brazil to get impressions about mining procedures, sorting, cutting and trading activity in the states of Paraiba and Rio Grande do Norte.

Research Blog
OriginsTourmaline
2020

GemTOF Analyses of Sapphires from Madagascar and Kashmir

In the beginning of 2017, gem testing laboratories started to receive cut stones from a new area for gem analysis and issuing reports. As stated in a trade-alert by SSEF in early 2017, some of this new sapphire material may resemble internal features of Kashmir blue sapphires, therefore careful microscopic inve

Research Blog
GeochemistryOriginsSapphire
2019

Origin determination and traceability: An overview for gemstones (2019)

Origin determination and traceability: An overview for gemstones (2019)

Presentations
OriginsTraceability
2019

Multi-Element Analysis of Gemstones For Country of Origin Determination (2019)

Presentation at IGC 2019 in Nantes (France) by Dr. Hao Wang.

Presentations
GeochemistryOrigins
2019

The Talisman of Charlemagne: New Historical and Gemological Discoveries

The Talisman of Charlemagne: New Historical and Gemological Discoveries. Published in Gems & Gemology, 2019, 55(1), 30-46.

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Authors

  • D. Carole
  • F. Faure
  • G. Panczer
  • G. Riondet
  • L. Forest
  • M.S. Krzemnicki
Research Articles
OriginsSapphire
2019

Gemmological Analysis of a Roman Sapphire Intaglio and Its Possible Origin

Gemmological Analysis of a Roman Sapphire Intaglio and Its Possible Origin. Published in Journal of Gemmology, 2019, 36(8), 710-724.

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Authors

  • E. Butini
  • E. De Carolis
  • F. Butini
  • M.S. Krzemnicki
Research Articles
GemmologyOriginsSapphire
2018

SSEF Fieldtrip to Paraiba, Brazil (2018)

Presentation given by Alexander Klumb at 2018 Swiss Gemmological Society conference on an SSEF fieldtrip to the Paraiba region of Brazil.

Presentations
OriginsTourmaline
2018

Origin determination and traceability: An overview for gemstones

Origin determination and traceability: An overview for gemstones. Presentation at GemGenève 2019 by Dr. Michael S. Krzemnicki.

Download PDF

Authors

  • M.S. Krzemnicki
Research Articles
GeochemistryOriginsTraceability
2018

Spinel from Mogok, Myanmar—A Detailed Inclusion Study by Raman Microspectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy

Spinel from Mogok, Myanmar—A Detailed Inclusion Study by Raman Microspectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Published in Journal of Gemmology, 2019, 36(5), 418-435.

Download PDF

Authors

  • E. Bieler
  • L. Franz
  • M.M. Phyo
  • M.S. Krzemnicki
  • W.A. Balmer
Research Articles
MethodsOriginsSpinel

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Age Dating Diamond DNA Emerald Gemmology Geochemistry Jade Methods Organics Origins Other Gemstones Pearl Ruby Sapphire Spinel Synthetics Tourmaline Traceability Treatments

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