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    • Gemmological courses

      Please click on the button below to discover SSEF’s gemmological course options, calendar and prices.

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      • Advanced Small Diamonds
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2025

Genetic Testing of a High-End ‘Angel Skin’ Precious Coral Necklace Identifies a Species New to the Precious Coral

Genetic Testing of a High-End ‘Angel Skin’ Precious Coral Necklace Identifies a Species New to the Precious Coral Trade and Potentially New to Science. Diversity 2025, 17, 395

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Authors

  • A. Sato
  • B. Lendvay
  • K. Takata
  • L.E. Cartier
  • M. Nonaka
  • M.S. Krzemnicki
  • N. Iwasaki
  • N. Yasuda
  • N.V. Morf
  • T. Hayashibara
Research Articles
DNAOrganics
2025

Trace DNA from a century‐old holotype specimen resolves taxonomic uncertainties: the case of the Hawaiian pink precious coral

Trace DNA from a century‐old holotype specimen resolves taxonomic uncertainties: the case of the Hawaiian pink precious coral (Pleurocorallium secundum), a CITES‐listed species used in jewelry.

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Authors

  • B. Lendvay
  • L.E. Cartier
  • M. Nonaka
  • M.S. Krzemnicki
  • N.V. Morf
Research Articles
DNAOrganics
2023

DNA Fingerprinting and age dating of historic natural pearls: a combined approach

DNA Fingerprinting and age dating of historic natural pearls: a combined approach. IGC 2023 Proceedings, 157-158.

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Authors

  • B. Lendvay
  • J.B. Meyer
  • L.E. Cartier
  • M.S. Krzemnicki
  • N.V. Morf
Research Articles
DNAPearl
2023

Novel Coral-ID method used on samples seized by swiss customs

In 2022, an international research group led by scientists from the Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF and the University of Zurich’s Institute of Forensic Medicine (IRM) reported a breakthrough in precious coral jewellery traceability, through the use of a novel forensically validated genetic technique called

Research Blog
DNAOrganics
2022

DNA fingerprinting as a tool in modern gemmology

DNA fingerprinting as a tool in modern gemmology. Journal of the Gemm. Association of Hong Kong, Vol. 43, 13-17.

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Authors

  • B. Lendvay
  • L.E. Cartier
  • M.S. Krzemnicki
Research Articles
DNAGemmology
2022

DNA fingerprinting and age dating of pearls and corals at SSEF

Pearl testing was long limited to determining whether a pearl is natural or cultured, and whether a pearl has been treated or not. As we have considerably invested in pearl research in recent years, we have achieved significant breakthroughs, namely DNA fingerprinting for species identification and radiocarbon

Research Blog
Age DatingDNAOrganicsPearl
2022

New pearl oyster species: pinctada persica

We recently tested a pearl jewellery set that consisted of 63 natural pearls, with 61 of them being strung on a thread and two additional loose natural pearls. To our knowledge, this is the first time that pearls from Pinctada persica have been reported.

Research Blog
DNAPearl
2021

Genetic identification of ivory species: research and testing

DNA fingerprinting of ivory involves a scientific method that can provide valuable information about the species of ivory being used in jewellery and ornamental objects, in order to determine whether it is CITES- listed elephant ivory or non-listed mammoth ivory. DNA fingerprinting, together with a morphologica

Research Blog
DNAOrganics
2021

DNA Fingerprinting of Pearls, Corals and Ivory: Research Update

SSEF pioneered DNA fingerprinting of pearls in 2013, in collaboration with scientists from ETH Zürich. This was the first published report of oyster DNA extraction from a pearl, allowing us to trace and fingerprint pearls of unknown origin and match them to the specific oyster species in which they formed.

Research Blog
DNAOrganicsPearl
2020

Precious coral in jewelry: new discoveries

Precious coral in jewelry: new discoveries. Published in GemGuide, November / December 2020, 1-4.

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Authors

  • L.E. Cartier
Research Articles
DNAOrganics

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