{"id":47717,"date":"2026-04-30T11:05:51","date_gmt":"2026-04-30T09:05:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/?p=47717"},"modified":"2026-04-30T11:05:51","modified_gmt":"2026-04-30T09:05:51","slug":"purple-substance-in-hollow-tubes-to-mimic-unheated-paraiba-tourmaline","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/zh-hant\/purple-substance-in-hollow-tubes-to-mimic-unheated-paraiba-tourmaline\/","title":{"rendered":"Purple substance in hollow tubes to mimic unheated Paraiba tourmaline"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBy Dr. Michael S. Krzemnicki, first published in Facette 30<\/a> (March 2026)<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Recently, the SSEF received a 14-carat, light blue, copper-bearing tourmaline for testing (Figure 1). Based on trace element concentrations, its Mozambique origin was readily established. Microscopic and spectroscopic features, such as the absence of a manganese-related absorption band in the UV-Vis spectrum and numerous discoid fissures extending from fluid inclusions, clearly indicated that this tourmaline had undergone heat treatment to enhance its colour.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Figure 1: Copper-bearing heated tourmaline from Mozambique of 14 ct. Photo: A. Chalain, SSEF.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe most interesting aspect, however, was the microscopic observation of the hollow channels, which were partly stuffed (i.e. \u2018closed\u2019) with a purplish-blue substance where these channels reached the gemstone\u2019s surface (Figure 2). While it is possible that this is pure coincidence, we consider it more likely to be a deliberate attempt to mislead gemmologists into thinking the stone is unheated.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Figure 2a, b: Purple substance locally stuffed in the hollow channels of this Paraiba tourmaline. 50x magnification. Microphotos: M.S. Krzemnicki, SSEF.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIt is well known that natural irradiation due to radioactive substances in open hollow channels in Paraiba tourmalines can create a purple halo around the channels over geological time periods (see also Facette, 29, 2024, p. 14). In fact, the presence of such a halo is considered evidence that no heat treatment was applied to the stone. Heating would cause this purple halo to disappear.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Figure 3a, b: Halo and goethite visible in an unheated Paraiba sample from Mozambique. 50x magnification. Microphotos: M.S. Krzemnicki, SSEF.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHowever, as mentioned, this natural purple halo (created by activating a local manganese-related colour centre) is found around the hollow channel and not inside it. A classic example of such an unheated case is a 55-carat copper-bearing tourmaline from Mozambique, which reveals a purple halo around a tiny hollow channel and orange-brown iron hydroxide (goethite) within the channels (Figure 3a,b). This is only stable up to around 350 \u00b0C, which is below the heating temperatures (400\u2013450 \u00b0C) commonly applied to Paraiba tourmalines.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Recently, the SSEF received a 14-carat, light blue, copper-bearing tourmaline for testing. Based on trace element concentrations, its Mozambique origin was readily established.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":47719,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[626],"tags":[734],"library_category":[],"library_author":[],"class_list":["post-47717","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-research-blog","tag-tourmaline"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPurple substance in hollow tubes to mimic unheated Paraiba tourmaline - SSEF<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/purple-substance-in-hollow-tubes-to-mimic-unheated-paraiba-tourmaline\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_TW\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Purple substance in hollow tubes to mimic unheated Paraiba tourmaline - SSEF\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Recently, the SSEF received a 14-carat, light blue, copper-bearing tourmaline for testing. 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