{"id":3570,"date":"2020-05-10T14:33:05","date_gmt":"2020-05-10T12:33:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ssef.ch\/?p=3570"},"modified":"2020-05-18T14:47:44","modified_gmt":"2020-05-18T12:47:44","slug":"fake-tridacna-pearls","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/zh-hant\/fake-tridacna-pearls\/","title":{"rendered":"Fake Tridacna Pearls"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/408_Fig1_fake-pearls-1024x785.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3571\"\/><figcaption><em>Figure 1: The five fake pearls cut from a Tridacna clam analysed for this study. The largest specimen is characterised by a bulging shape, representing the undulating wavy shape of the clam itself. All these fake pearls show distinct layering at their surface. Photo: V. Lanzafame, SSEF<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">by Dr. Michael S. Krzemnicki, first published in\u00a0Facette 23 (February 2018) <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fake pearls are beads (of whatever shape) which have been cut entirely from shell material. A perfect source for the production of such fake pearls is the Tridacna clam, amongst the largest living bivalve mollusc with a massive and thick shell of up to 110 cm diameter, mainly living along shallow coastal waters in the Indo-Pacific region (Rosewater, 1965). Due to recent the media coverage of an exceptional \u2018pearl\u2019 from a giant clam (Tridacna) and its intriguing provenance (August 2016, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-asia-37167179)\">http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-asia-37167179), <\/a>the SSEF is currently confronted with numerous requests to analyse similar \u2018giant pearls\u2019. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In summer 2016, we then had the opportunity to analyse a series of five items, which were submitted to us as natural Tridacna pearls originating from Palawan, an island in the east of the Philippines, including one specimen of 6.8 kg (!) and 27 cm maximum length (see Figure 1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A detailed\nstudy of these items quickly revealed that they were fake pearls, cut from the shell of Tridacna\nclams to imitate\ngenuine pearls. The most striking feature\nof all these fake pearls\nwas a distinct and partly complex layering, which was however not related to the shape of the items, but merely represents the seasonal growth\nlayers of the\nTridacna clam shell from\nwhich these fake pearl had been cut. Furthermore, the surface showed distinct\npolishing marks in random orientations, indicating\nrushed production of these fake pearls. In some of the studied samples\nwe could also\nobserve weak flame\nstructures similar to those\nknown from queen\nconch shells and\npearls (<em>Strombus\ngigas<\/em>) due to densely\ninterwoven bundles of aragonite fibres\n(H\u00e4nni 2010).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Although\nnatural pearls or blister pearls have been occasionally reported in Tridacna\nshells, they have\nrarely been of great interest due to their often\nrather dull whitish\nappearance and their\ncommonly baroque shape. However, we would like to remind readers that not all non-\nnacreous white natural\npearls claimed to be pearls\nfrom Tridacna clams necessarily originate from Tridacninae. They may also be the beautiful\nproduct of other mollusc species\nand be mislabelled as Tridacna clam pearls as there is still today\nno method for species identification of such non-nacreous white pearls, very much in contrast to nacreous pearls which among others can be separated genetically (Meyer et al., 2013) and\nby spectroscopic methods.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is not the\nfirst time that we encounter beads cut from the shell of molluscs to imitate pearls,\nbut the described\nitems were definitely the largest fake pearls\never analysed at SSEF.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Although often uncritically distributed by news agencies and accompanied by \u2018fantasy\u2019 documents and appraisals, it should be noted that Tridcana clams are among the most endangered clams and protected by CITES (2016). Any trade of pearls, shell, or even fake pearls is strictly regulated by customs and requires official documentation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A detailed report about these fake pearls, including a comparison to fake pearls previously tested at SSEF is published in the Journal of Gemmology Vol. 35, No. 5, 2017.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" src=\"https:\/\/ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/408_Fig2_fake-pearls-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3572\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/408_Fig2_fake-pearls-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/408_Fig2_fake-pearls-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/408_Fig2_fake-pearls-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/408_Fig2_fake-pearls-700x466.jpg 700w, https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/408_Fig2_fake-pearls.jpg 1100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption><em>Figure 2: Close up of the layered structure encountered in all of the studied fake pearls. These layers represent seasonal growth of the clam itself from which these fake pearls were manufactured. Image width 11 mm. Photo: M.S. Krzemnicki, SSEF<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Fake pearls are beads (of whatever shape) which have been cut entirely from shell material. A perfect source for the production of such fake pearls is the Tridacna clam, amongst the largest living  bivalve mollusc with a massive and thick shell of up to 110 cm diameter, mainly living along shallow coastal waters in the Indo-Pacific region.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3571,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[626],"tags":[],"library_category":[],"library_author":[],"class_list":["post-3570","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-research-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Fake Tridacna Pearls - SSEF<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/fake-tridacna-pearls\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_TW\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Fake Tridacna Pearls - SSEF\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Fake pearls are beads (of whatever shape) which have been cut entirely from shell material. A perfect source for the production of such fake pearls is the Tridacna clam, amongst the largest living bivalve mollusc with a massive and thick shell of up to 110 cm diameter, mainly living along shallow coastal waters in the Indo-Pacific region.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/fake-tridacna-pearls\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"SSEF\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-05-10T12:33:05+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-05-18T12:47:44+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/408_Fig1_fake-pearls-jpg.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1100\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"843\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Laurent Cartier\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u4f5c\u8005:\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Laurent Cartier\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u9810\u4f30\u95b1\u8b80\u6642\u9593\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 \u5206\u9418\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ssef.ch\\\/fake-tridacna-pearls\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ssef.ch\\\/fake-tridacna-pearls\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Laurent Cartier\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ssef.ch\\\/zh-hans\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/c855f01c061d2c7b29f823eaee439288\"},\"headline\":\"Fake Tridacna Pearls\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-05-10T12:33:05+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-05-18T12:47:44+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ssef.ch\\\/fake-tridacna-pearls\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":584,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ssef.ch\\\/zh-hans\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ssef.ch\\\/fake-tridacna-pearls\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ssef.ch\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/04\\\/408_Fig1_fake-pearls-jpg.webp\",\"articleSection\":[\"Research Blog\"],\"inLanguage\":\"zh-TW\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ssef.ch\\\/fake-tridacna-pearls\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ssef.ch\\\/fake-tridacna-pearls\\\/\",\"name\":\"Fake Tridacna Pearls - 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