{"id":5807,"date":"2020-07-06T11:31:26","date_gmt":"2020-07-06T09:31:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ssef.ch\/?p=5807"},"modified":"2022-11-02T15:26:50","modified_gmt":"2022-11-02T14:26:50","slug":"fake-historic-provenance-aged-cultured-pearls","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/zh-hans\/fake-historic-provenance-aged-cultured-pearls\/","title":{"rendered":"Fake Historic Provenance: \u2018Aged \u2019 Cultured Pearls"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/412_1_Aged-Pearl-1024x748.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5808\"\/><figcaption><em>Figure 1: Natural pearl necklace containing 28 freshwater cultured pearls with \u2018aged\u2019 surface treatment. Photo: V. Lanzafame, SSEF<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">by Dr. M. S. Krzemnicki, first published in&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/facette-2019.pdf\">Facette 25<\/a>&nbsp;(February 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Historical age and provenance can have an important impact on the price of pearls. This is best illustrated with the pearl pendant of Marie Antoinette, which sold in November 2018 for the fabulous price of 36 million Swiss Francs at Sotheby\u2019s Geneva.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is therefore not astonishing, that some innovative treaters are \u2018ageing\u2019 pearls with the intent to fool the trade and buyers about its real and recent formation. For paintings and especially for fake antiques, similar \u2018ageing\u2019 treatments are well-known in the art trade (see e.g. F. Arnau 1964: Kunst der F\u00e4lscher. F\u00e4lscher der Kunst. Dreitausend Jahre Betrug mit Antiquit\u00e4ten. Econ Publisher, Germany).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At SSEF, we have encountered few cases of pearls which had been treated to make them look old and historic. Most recently, we received a pearl necklace with 410 pearls strung on three regularly graduated strands (Figure 1). The pearls were characterized by a beautifully matching colour and a fine pearl lustre, reminiscent of \u2018classic\u2019 natural pearls from the Arabian Gulf. However, a closer look using X-ray luminescence (SSEF PearlView) revealed that 28 pearls of the necklace showed a distinct reaction typical for freshwater pearls (Figure 2). A more detailed investigation with radiography further unveiled that they in fact represented beadless freshwater cultured pearls, similar to those produced in Chinese pearl farms in huge quantities. They were mixed (intentionally) into this necklace of saltwater natural pearls.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"573\" src=\"https:\/\/ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/412_2_Aged-Pearl-1024x573.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5811\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/412_2_Aged-Pearl-1024x573.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/412_2_Aged-Pearl-300x168.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/412_2_Aged-Pearl-768x429.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/412_2_Aged-Pearl-700x391.jpg 700w, https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/412_2_Aged-Pearl-539x303.jpg 539w, https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/412_2_Aged-Pearl.jpg 1100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption><em>Figure 2: X-ray luminescence image (SSEF Pearl View) reveals 28 freshwater cultured pearls with distinct luminescent reaction. To better visualize the position of these cultured pearls within the pearl strands, the X-ray luminescence image was overlaid by a photo taken in exactly the same position. This overlay explains the small bright lamp reflections on each pearl. Figure: M.S. Krzemnicki, SSEF<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Under the microscope, these freshwater cultured pearls all showed a slightly corroded surface (Figure 3), as if they had been exposed to an acidic solution to create an \u2018ageing\u2019 effect with a cream colour. Trace element analyses (EDXRF) showed not only manganese (993 ppm), strontium (1780 ppm), barium (60 ppm) at levels typical for freshwater pearls, but in addition iron (418 ppm), titanium and copper (both not quantified), which is presumably related to the treatment of these cultured pearls.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"769\" src=\"https:\/\/ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/412_3_Aged-Pearl-1024x769.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5814\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/412_3_Aged-Pearl-1024x769.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/412_3_Aged-Pearl-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/412_3_Aged-Pearl-768x577.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/412_3_Aged-Pearl-800x600.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/412_3_Aged-Pearl-700x526.jpg 700w, https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/412_3_Aged-Pearl.jpg 1100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption><em>Figure 3: Detail of this pearl necklace showing one \u2018aged\u2019 freshwater cultured pearl with corroded surface, interlayered between natural saltwater pearls from Pinctada radiata. Photo: M.S. Krzemnicki, SSEF<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In summary, this pearl necklace contained a majority of untreated natural saltwater pearls of cream colour which had been intentionally mixed with a number of freshwater cultured pearls. We assume that these cultured pearls were treated (\u2018aged\u2019) with the aim to create a uniform necklace of historic look.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Want to learn more about pearls?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/415_Fig1b_Queen-Mary-Pearl.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7469\"\/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sign up for our free online course: <a href=\"https:\/\/ssef.ch\/courses\/pearl-en\/\">Introduction to pearls<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background has-vivid-red-background-color\" href=\"https:\/\/ssef.ch\/courses\/pearl-en\/\">Sign up for free<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Most recently, we received a pearl necklace with 410 pearls strung on three regularly graduated strands. The pearls were characterized by a beautifully matching colour and a fine pearl lustre, reminiscent of \u2018classic\u2019 natural pearls from the Arabian Gulf. However, a closer look using X-ray luminescence (SSEF PearlView) revealed that 28 pearls of the necklace showed a distinct reaction typical for freshwater pearls.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5808,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[626],"tags":[724,731],"library_category":[],"library_author":[],"class_list":["post-5807","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-research-blog","tag-pearl","tag-treatments"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Fake Historic Provenance: \u2018Aged \u2019 Cultured Pearls - SSEF<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/jp\/fake-historic-provenance-aged-cultured-pearls\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Fake Historic Provenance: \u2018Aged \u2019 Cultured Pearls - SSEF\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Most recently, we received a pearl necklace with 410 pearls strung on three regularly graduated strands. 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