{"id":5776,"date":"2020-06-30T08:23:06","date_gmt":"2020-06-30T06:23:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ssef.ch\/?p=5776"},"modified":"2022-11-02T15:26:57","modified_gmt":"2022-11-02T14:26:57","slug":"historic-sapphire-of-catherine-the-great","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/zh-hans\/historic-sapphire-of-catherine-the-great\/","title":{"rendered":"Historic Sapphire of Catherine the Great"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/409_1_Sapphire-of-Catherine-the-Great-1-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5899\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/409_1_Sapphire-of-Catherine-the-Great-1-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/409_1_Sapphire-of-Catherine-the-Great-1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/409_1_Sapphire-of-Catherine-the-Great-1-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/409_1_Sapphire-of-Catherine-the-Great-1-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/409_1_Sapphire-of-Catherine-the-Great-1-570x570.jpg 570w, https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/409_1_Sapphire-of-Catherine-the-Great-1-500x500.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/409_1_Sapphire-of-Catherine-the-Great-1-1000x1000.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/409_1_Sapphire-of-Catherine-the-Great-1-700x700.jpg 700w, https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/409_1_Sapphire-of-Catherine-the-Great-1.jpg 1100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption> <em>Figure 1: The historic \u2018Sapphire of Catherine the Great\u2019 of 331 ct Photo: L. Phan, SSEF<\/em> <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At SSEF, an impressive number of sapphires of exceptional size and quality have been tested in the past few decades. In the last few weeks, however, we had the pleasure to add to this eclectic (data) collection the famous sapphire of Catherine the Great, a historic gem from Ceylon (Sri Lanka) of exceptional quality and beauty (Figure 1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Based on the provided documentation, this sapphire is of historic provenance and once belonged to Catherine the Great (Figure 2), empress of the Russian Empire from 1762 to her death in 1796 (see Les Joyaux des Tsars by M. Greece). This sapphire of 331 ct (originally 337 ct) was closely related to the history and fate of the Russian Empire and was finally sold in 1914 to a private collector. It later became part of the Harry Winston \u2018Court of Jewels\u2019 collection which toured the United States from 1949 to 1953, and is depicted on an iconic photograph, on which Harry Winston is seen holding the \u2018Sapphire of Catherine the Great\u2019 in his hand together with other impressive gems, including the Hope diamond (see Harry Winston, the ultimate Jeweler by Krashes and Winston, 1984, page 27).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Meticulous microscopic examination and detailed analyses confirmed its Sri Lankan origin, highlighted by the presence of tiny metamict zircon inclusions (Figure 3), which are characteristic for this gem source. Since historic times, Ceylon (Sri Lanka) is known and appreciated as a source of exceptional gems, especially blue sapphires. Found in the gravels of the lush green plains and valleys of this tropical island, these gems were already traded throughout ancient cultures in Southeast Asia, Persia, and even to the Roman Empire and medieval Europe along maritime trade routes and the famed Silk Road (see also Marco Polo\u2019s \u2018Livres des Merveilles du Monde\u2019). Up to today, this small island in the Indian Ocean has produced and still is producing some of the largest gem-quality sapphires known in the trade, such as the \u2018Star of India\u2019 (583 ct), \u2018Giant of the Orient\u2019 (486 ct), the \u2018Logan Blue Sapphire\u2019 (423 ct), the \u2018Blue Belle of Asia\u2019 (392 ct), and the described \u2018Sapphire of Catherine the Great\u2019(331 ct).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/409_2_Sapphire-of-Catherine-the-Great-1-723x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5786\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/409_2_Sapphire-of-Catherine-the-Great-1-723x1024.jpg 723w, https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/409_2_Sapphire-of-Catherine-the-Great-1-212x300.jpg 212w, https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/409_2_Sapphire-of-Catherine-the-Great-1-768x1087.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/409_2_Sapphire-of-Catherine-the-Great-1-1085x1536.jpg 1085w, https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/409_2_Sapphire-of-Catherine-the-Great-1-700x991.jpg 700w, https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/409_2_Sapphire-of-Catherine-the-Great-1.jpg 1100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><figcaption><em>Figure 2: Portrait of Catherine the Great Empress of Russia (1729 1796), after Alexander Roslin and Fedor Rokotov, together with her sapphire. Photos: Christie\u2019s and SSEF<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"677\" src=\"https:\/\/ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/409_3_Sapphire-of-Catherine-the-Great_small-1-1024x677.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5789\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/409_3_Sapphire-of-Catherine-the-Great_small-1-1024x677.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/409_3_Sapphire-of-Catherine-the-Great_small-1-300x198.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/409_3_Sapphire-of-Catherine-the-Great_small-1-768x508.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/409_3_Sapphire-of-Catherine-the-Great_small-1-700x463.jpg 700w, https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/409_3_Sapphire-of-Catherine-the-Great_small-1.jpg 1100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption><em>Figure 3: Raman spectrum of a metamict zircon inclusion in the sapphire of Catherine the Great recorded at SSEF. Figure: M.S. Krzemnicki, SSEF<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Want to learn more about sapphires?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/409_1_Sapphire-of-Catherine-the-Great-2-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5904\"\/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sign up for our free online course: <a href=\"https:\/\/ssef.ch\/courses\/sapphire-en\/\">Introduction to sapphires<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background has-vivid-red-background-color\" href=\"https:\/\/ssef.ch\/courses\/sapphire-en\/\">Sign up for free<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>SSEF had the pleasure to add to this eclectic (data) collection the famous sapphire of Catherine the Great, a historic gem from Ceylon (Sri Lanka) of exceptional quality and beauty.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5902,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[626],"tags":[733,726],"library_category":[],"library_author":[],"class_list":["post-5776","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-research-blog","tag-origins","tag-sapphire"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - 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