{"id":3538,"date":"2020-04-08T10:48:00","date_gmt":"2020-04-08T08:48:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ssef.ch\/?p=3538"},"modified":"2022-11-02T15:28:39","modified_gmt":"2022-11-02T14:28:39","slug":"the-historic-sleeping-lion-pearl-a-natural-blister-and-not-a-pearl","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/jp\/the-historic-sleeping-lion-pearl-a-natural-blister-and-not-a-pearl\/","title":{"rendered":"The historic \u2018Sleeping Lion Pearl\u2019, a natural Blister and not a Pearl"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"
Figure 1: The historic \u2018Sleeping Lion Pearl\u2019 \u2013 in fact a natural blister, seen from the side and somehow reminiscent of a sleeping lion. Photo: V. Lanzafame, SSEF<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

by Dr. M.S. Krzemnicki, first published in\u00a0Facette 23\u00a0(February 2017) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Recently, the Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF had the opportunity to investigate an impressive natural nacreous formation with documented provenance dating back to the late 18th century, named the \u2018Sleeping Lion Pearl\u2019 due to its baroque shape that is reminiscent of a lion (Figure 1). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Originating\nfrom a freshwater mollusc, this historic \u2018pearl\u2019 was first documented 1778 as\nbeing sold in Amsterdam (Netherlands). Just a year later, it was sold again in St. Petersburg (Russia), and from there\nwent through several hands throughout Europe until it was finally sold in Italy to the Dutch goldsmith Lodewijk\nWillem van Kooten\nwho brought it back\nto Amsterdam in 1868, where\nit stayed in private hands until present. A detailed description of the historical provenance of the \u2018Sleeping Lion Pearl\u2019 can be found in Zwaan & Dommisse\n(2009) and Zwaan et al. 2014 (both\nin the Journal of Gemmology).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Having read about the \u2018Sleeping Lion Pearl\u2019 in gemmological literature, we were very impressed by the size and weight of the item when we received it earlier this year (approximately 69.90 x 44.00 x 38.00 mm and weighing 593.25 ct). The colour was light cream with subtle ros\u00e9, purple and green overtones. Such overtones are due to an iridescence effect on the nacreous surface and greatly contribute to its beauty. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

What followed was a meticulous study, which revealed that the nacreous formation historically known as the \u2018Sleeping Lion Pearl\u2019 in fact represents a natural blister that formed in a freshwater mollusc, and is neither a pearl nor a blister pearl. This conclusion is based on careful visual observations, and mainly relies on a detailed three dimensional analysis of its internal structures using X-ray microtomography (Yxlon Cougar at SSEF). It showed no onion-like spherical ring structures in the nacreous formation typical for pearls or blister pearls, but only curved layers of nacre (Figure 2) deposited on each other in a \u2018mushroom\u2019-like structure indicating proliferating (pathological) nacre accumulation on the shell forming this enormous blister. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Figure 2: A microtomographical section (XZ orientation) along the growth direction of the described blister reveals no onion-like ring structures (as expected for a pearl or blister pearl), but only curved and accumulated (stacked) layers of nacre, characteristic for a natural blister formation. Figure: M.S. Krzemnicki & J. Braun, SSEF<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

How to define blister, blister pearl and pearl?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In principle, any mollusc producing a hard shell and living in freshwater or marine waters may form a calcareous concretion by a process known as biomineralisation. In historic times, all these natural products were commonly called \u2018pearls\u2019, although since then three main categories have been defined (see also CIBJO Pearl Book), based on differences in their formation and appearance. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Natural pearls\nform in a pearl sac within the mantle tissue of the mollusc due to an irritation of the mantle tissue and are\nmade of \u00b1 spherical rings\nof calcium carbonate (e.g. nacre). They\nare not attached to the shell.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Natural blister\npearls start to form as a pearl,\nbut eventually their\npearl sac disintegrates partially, with the result that the mantle tissue\non the inner side of the shell\nstarts to cover this pearl with nacreous layers.\nIt is now attached to the shell and called\na blister pearl.\nA cross section through a blister pearl\nwill reveal concentric (spherical) rings of calcium carbonate (e.g. nacre) in the\ninner part, wrapped by subsequently formed layers of calcium carbonate (e.g. nacre) which are continuous with those of the\ninner side of the shell\n(see CIBJO pearl\nbook) and thus attach the blister pearl\nto its shell.\nTo be used in jewellery, blister\npearls have to be cut from the shell.\nAs a consequence, they are commonly\npolished\/worked at the base. In some cases,\na blister pearl\nmay also fall off\nthe shell quite\neasily when the shell is harvested.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Natural blisters\nare nacreous formations bulging on the inner surface of a shell. They form spontaneously due to an irritation of the mantle tissue of a mollusc\nor by the intrusion of foreign bodies\non the inside of a shell. A cross section\nthrough a nacreous blister will reveal curved\nand more or less half-domed layers of nacre inside, optionally with hollow cavities but\nno onion-like ring\nstructures as in pearls or blister pearls.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Blisters are part of the shell and as such always have to be cut from the shell. As a consequence, they are polished\/worked at the base. Blisters are more common than pearls or blister pearls. If they are large, they are generally understood as being the product of proliferating growth of the mantle tissue, thus they commonly reveal a baroque shape with deep surface indentations and rippled outline and then often very much dominate the shell in which they form (see Figure 3).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Based on our findings, we conclude that this exceptional item – historically known as the \u2018Sleeping Lion Pearl\u2019 \u2013 is in fact the result of such proliferating nacre accumulation on the shell and thus represents a natural blister. It has to be noted that at the time it was named, any nacreous formation from within a shell was called a pearl, as the modern concept to distinguish pearls from blister pearls and blisters was not yet known.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Figure 3: Schematic drawing of the internal structure (cross section) of a pearl, a blister pearl and a natural blister. Both, pearl and blister pearl are characterised by onion-like spherical rings of calcium carbonate (shown here in brown: calcite, in grey: nacre), whereas a blister is formed by bulging layers only, with or without a hollow cavity. Figure: M.S. Krzemnicki, SSEF <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Figure 4: Example of a large proliferating (pathological) blister formation on the inner side of a freshwater shell. Photo: H.A. H\u00e4nni, SSEF<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Recently, the Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF had the opportunity to investigate an impressive natural nacreous formation with documented provenance dating back to the late 18th century, named the \u2018Sleeping Lion Pearl\u2019 due to its baroque shape that is reminiscent of a lion.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3539,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[626],"tags":[724],"library_category":[],"library_author":[],"class_list":["post-3538","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-research-blog","tag-pearl"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nThe historic \u2018Sleeping Lion Pearl\u2019, a natural Blister and not a Pearl - SSEF<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/the-historic-sleeping-lion-pearl-a-natural-blister-and-not-a-pearl\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The historic \u2018Sleeping Lion Pearl\u2019, a natural Blister and not a Pearl - 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