{"id":7871,"date":"2022-04-05T11:46:05","date_gmt":"2022-04-05T09:46:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ssef.ch\/?p=7871"},"modified":"2022-11-02T15:14:14","modified_gmt":"2022-11-02T14:14:14","slug":"beware-of-synthetic-ruby-with-zircon-like-cluster-inclusions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/fr\/beware-of-synthetic-ruby-with-zircon-like-cluster-inclusions\/","title":{"rendered":"Beware of synthetic ruby with \u2018zircon-like\u2019 cluster inclusions"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">by Dr. M.S. Krzemnicki, first published in&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/facette-2021-web.pdf\">Facette 27<\/a>&nbsp;(June 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"722\" src=\"https:\/\/ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/434_1_Beware-of-Synthetic-Ruby.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8110\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/434_1_Beware-of-Synthetic-Ruby.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/434_1_Beware-of-Synthetic-Ruby-300x212.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/434_1_Beware-of-Synthetic-Ruby-768x542.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/434_1_Beware-of-Synthetic-Ruby-700x494.jpg 700w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption><strong>Figure 1:<\/strong> Flux-melt synthetic ruby of 4.27 ct contining numerous \u2018zircon-like\u2019 clusters. Photo: A. Chalain, SSEF.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Synthetic stones are rather rare guests at SSEF, as most of them are sorted out already before submission to SSEF based on their tell-tale characteristics. Those which finally come to us are therefore rather uncommon or even tricky cases (see e.g. SSEF Facettes No. 22, 2016, page 14; and No. 25, 2019, pages 12-13), which may even have fooled other gemmologists and gem labs alike.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Very recently, we tested a tricky case of a synthetic ruby (Figure 1) of 4.27 ct, submitted to SSEF as a natural stone accompanied by two lab reports confirming its natural origin. Under the microscope, the submitted stone showed \u2018zircon-like\u2019 cluster inclusions (Figure 2). They were somehow reminiscent of zircon clusters commonly observed in rubies from Vatomandry in Madagascar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Raman spectroscopic analyses, however, revealed that these clusters are in fact made of an unknown solid substance. Their Raman spectra were not matching with zircon, xenotime or any other natural inclusion commonly found in corundum. Additionally, the stone contained no further natural inclusion, such as rutile, monazite, apatite, or amphibole, as could be expected in a natural ruby of this size, specifically from Vatomandry. In addition, this stone showed a very strong red UV-reaction (typical for iron-poor rubies), which is in contradiction to rubies from Vatomandry that usually show a dull red UV reaction due to their distinct iron concentration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Detailed chemical analyses using both EDXRF and LAICPMS clearly excluded a natural origin for this stone. This conclusion could be drawn mainly due to the presence of exotic trace elements, actually related to the flux-melt synthesis but not to any geological process. These exotic elements included amongst others: manganese, antimony, rhodium, zirconium, and platinum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"708\" src=\"https:\/\/ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/434_2_Beware-of-Synthetic-Ruby.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8113\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/434_2_Beware-of-Synthetic-Ruby.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/434_2_Beware-of-Synthetic-Ruby-300x207.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/434_2_Beware-of-Synthetic-Ruby-768x531.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/434_2_Beware-of-Synthetic-Ruby-700x484.jpg 700w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption><strong>Figure 2:<\/strong> Numerous \u2018zircon-like\u2019 clusters of an unknown inclusion in the described synthetic ruby. Photo: M.S. Krzemnicki, SSEF<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Another interesting aspect was the complete absence of vanadium in this synthetic ruby (detection limit with LAICPMS is below 0.06 ppm!). Every natural ruby contains some traces of vanadium, as this element is geochemically linked to chromium, which acts as colouring element (chromophore) in rubies. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Similar synthetic rubies are known since quite some years (e.g. Atichat et al., 2012, GIT Conference Proceedings). Due to their \u2018zircon-like\u2019 clusters, they are rather difficult to recognise and may even fool an experienced gem trader and gemmologist. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Want to learn more about rubies?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"722\" src=\"https:\/\/ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/434_1_Beware-of-Synthetic-Ruby.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8112\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/434_1_Beware-of-Synthetic-Ruby.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/434_1_Beware-of-Synthetic-Ruby-300x212.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/434_1_Beware-of-Synthetic-Ruby-768x542.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/434_1_Beware-of-Synthetic-Ruby-700x494.jpg 700w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sign up for our free online course: <a href=\"https:\/\/ssef.ch\/courses\/ruby-en\/\">Introduction to rubies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background has-vivid-red-background-color\" href=\"https:\/\/ssef.ch\/courses\/ruby-en\/\">Sign up for free<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Very recently, we tested a tricky case of a synthetic ruby (Figure 1) of 4.27 ct, submitted to SSEF as a natural stone accompanied by two lab reports confirming its natural origin. Under the microscope, the submitted stone showed \u2018zircon-like\u2019 cluster inclusions (Figure 2). They were somehow reminiscent of zircon clusters commonly observed in rubies from Vatomandry in Madagascar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":8110,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[626],"tags":[728,732],"library_category":[],"library_author":[],"class_list":["post-7871","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-research-blog","tag-ruby","tag-synthetics"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Beware of synthetic ruby with \u2018zircon-like\u2019 cluster inclusions - SSEF<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/beware-of-synthetic-ruby-with-zircon-like-cluster-inclusions\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Beware of synthetic ruby with \u2018zircon-like\u2019 cluster inclusions - SSEF\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Very recently, we tested a tricky case of a synthetic ruby (Figure 1) of 4.27 ct, submitted to SSEF as a natural stone accompanied by two lab reports confirming its natural origin. 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