{"id":3384,"date":"2020-03-24T09:23:00","date_gmt":"2020-03-24T08:23:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ssef.ch\/?p=3384"},"modified":"2022-11-02T15:29:59","modified_gmt":"2022-11-02T14:29:59","slug":"field-trip-to-paraiba-tourmaline-mines-in-brazil","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/fr\/field-trip-to-paraiba-tourmaline-mines-in-brazil\/","title":{"rendered":"Field Trip to Paraiba Tourmaline Mines in Brazil"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/302_Paraiba_1-1-1024x738.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3386\"\/><figcaption><em>  Figure 1:  A Paraiba tourmaline of nearly 10 ct and exceptional quality, tested recently  at SSEF.&nbsp;Photo: V. Lanzafame, SSEF<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"> by Alexander Klumb, first published in&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/2018_SSEF_Facette_24.pdf\">Facette 24<\/a>&nbsp;(February 2018) <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">For any gemstone connoisseur and gemmologist, the term \u2018Paraiba\u2019 is magical inspiration and epitomises pure beauty, referring to the incredibly vivid coloured copper-and manganese bearing elbaite tourmalines, which have mesmerized the trade and public alike since their discovery end of the 1980s in the state of Paraiba in Brazil. Up to today, this area has produced some of the finest tourmalines the world has ever seen with a range of vivid blue (to green) colours, known in the  trade also as \u2018electric blue\u2019 or \u2018neon blue\u2019. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Paraiba tourmaline &#8211; first discovered in 1989 by Heitor Dimas Barbosa near the village of S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 da Batalha in Para\u00edba State, northeastern Brazil &#8211; immediately created a buzz in the market, because of its vibrant, almost unearthly colours and rarity. Until today, it is one of the most sought-after gemstones the world over and highly prized in finest qualities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">In October 2017, a team of gemmologists from the SSEF had the privilege to visit some Paraiba tourmaline mines in Brazil to get impressions about mining procedures, sorting, cutting and trading activity&nbsp; in the states of Paraiba and Rio Grande do Norte. This was also a great opportunity to study the geological context of the Paraiba tourmaline mining areas in more detail and collect samples first-hand. As we could see for ourselves, these areas produce many other stunning gems with a diversity reaching far beyond just \u2018Paraiba tourmaline\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"753\" src=\"https:\/\/ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/302_Paraiba_9-1024x753.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3390\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/302_Paraiba_9-1024x753.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/302_Paraiba_9-300x221.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/302_Paraiba_9-768x565.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/302_Paraiba_9-700x515.jpg 700w, https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/302_Paraiba_9.jpg 1100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption> <em>Figure 2: On the road to the Batalha mine, the entrance to the village of Sao Jose de Batalha with the town sign. From left to right: Sebastian H\u00e4nsel, Alexander Klumb, and Dr. Hao Wang<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Dr. Hao Wang, Sebastian H\u00e4nsel and Alexander Klumb from SSEF were kindly accompanied during this field trip by Mr. Carlo Somma. We were very happy to have him as our guide, as he is very knowledgeable of this area.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"506\" src=\"https:\/\/ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/302_Paraiba_2-1024x506.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3391\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/302_Paraiba_2-1024x506.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/302_Paraiba_2-300x148.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/302_Paraiba_2-768x380.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/302_Paraiba_2-700x346.jpg 700w, https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/302_Paraiba_2.jpg 1100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption><em> Figure 3: An overview of the Mulungu mine (Rio Grande del Norte), the only active mine producing Paraiba tourmalines in some quantities at present. Photo: A. Klumb, SSEF <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"444\" src=\"https:\/\/ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/302_Paraiba_3-1024x444.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3392\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/302_Paraiba_3-1024x444.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/302_Paraiba_3-300x130.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/302_Paraiba_3-768x333.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/302_Paraiba_3-700x304.jpg 700w, https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/302_Paraiba_3.jpg 1100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption><em>  Figure 4: An overview of the Mulungu mine (Rio Grande del Norte), the only active mine producing Paraiba tourmalines in some quantities at present.  Photo: A. Klumb, SSEF<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">During the week-long field trip, we were able to visit some famous Paraiba tourmaline mines in gem-bearing pegmatites within the Late Proterozoic metamorphic rocks of the Equador formation, such as the Mulungu-mine (also known as the Capoeira, Boqueir\u00e3ozinho, or CDM mine) close to the city of Parelhas, which is the only mine currently producing Paraiba tourmaline in some quantities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"868\" src=\"https:\/\/ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/302_Paraiba_6-1024x868.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3394\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/302_Paraiba_6-1024x868.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/302_Paraiba_6-300x254.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/302_Paraiba_6-768x651.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/302_Paraiba_6-700x593.jpg 700w, https:\/\/www.ssef.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/302_Paraiba_6.jpg 1100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption><em>Figure 5: Highly fractured, Brazilian Paraiba tourmaline crystals are almost always under a carat, as can be seen in this photo. Tourmalines in a huge array of different colours can be found. Photo: A. Klumb, SSEF <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">During the field visits,\nit was especially interesting to see the different\ntechniques applied for extraction, ranging\nfrom simple artisanal mining in small-scale mines\nto mechanized large-scale mining.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">In conclusion, we can say that this field trip to Brazil left us highly impressed. The aura of the area clearly reaches far beyond just the gemstones themselves. The rich gemstone heritage is present in many aspects of everyday life. A big part of the population of Parelhas has some link to gemstone mining or trading. We are very grateful to the mine owners and traders who opened their doors and let us visit their mining operations and show us their stones. We are especially grateful to Mr. Carlo Somma, Mr. Sebastian Ferreira, and Mr. Nelson Oliveira for their support and organisation of this field trip.<br><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In October 2017, a team of gemmologists from the SSEF had the privilege to visit some Paraiba tourmaline mines in Brazil to get impressions about mining procedures, sorting, cutting and trading activity  in the states of Paraiba and Rio Grande do Norte.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3386,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[626],"tags":[733,734],"library_category":[],"library_author":[],"class_list":["post-3384","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-research-blog","tag-origins","tag-tourmaline"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - 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